Denial of one's intention to speak of a subject that is at the same time named or insinuated, as “I shall not mention Caesar's avarice, nor his cunning, nor his morality.”
Origin:
Apophasis stems from the Greek word apópha meaning "to say no, deny." The suffix -sis appears in Greek loanwords, where it forms an abstract noun from a verb, as in thesis.And I won't even mention my opponent's dismal record on environmental issues," said the candidate, using apophasis to take a jab at her rival.
2. Catachresis
1.
Misuse or strained use of words, as in a mixed metaphor, occurring either in error or for rhetorical effect.
Origin:
Catachresis is derived from the Greek root chrêsis which meant "to use." The prefix cata- means "down, back, against." The word katachrêsthai meant "to misuse" in Greek.
His catachrestic essay gave him a low grade.
3. Anacoluthon
3. Anacoluthon
1.
A construction involving a break in grammatical sequence, as It makes me so—I just get angry.
2.
An instance of anacoluthia.
Origin:
Anacoluthon has a very literal meaning in Greek. The root kolouth- meant "march." However this root has two prefixes. First, the prefix a- means "together." The other prefix "an-" means "not following." In Greek anakólouthos meant "not following
4. Litotes
4. Litotes
1.
Understatement, especially that in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary, as in “not bad at all.”
Origin:
Litotes comes from the Greek word lītótēs which meant "plainness, simplicity."
Stating that she was the brightest in the class was a litotes.
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